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DIABETES MELLITUS
Description |
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Symptoms |
Abdominal pain |
Appetite - increase |
Behaviour - irritability |
Breathing - disorder |
Breathing - smells |
Dehydration |
Drowsiness |
Fatigue / exhaustion |
Foot - swollen |
Hand - swollen |
Heart - beat increase |
Impotence |
Limb - numbness |
Nausea |
Skin - dry scaly |
Skin - itching |
Skin - infections |
Skin - poor healing |
Thirst |
Toes - numbness |
Urination - frequent |
Urination - excessive |
Vision - blurred |
Vomiting |
Weight - gain |
Weight - loss |
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Description |
Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred as diabetes, is
a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels
that result from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Elevated
levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) lead to spillage of glucose into the
urine.
The female hormone estrogen typically makes cells more responsive to insulin.
In a healthy person, the blood glucose level is regulated by several hormones,
including insulin, which is produced by the pancreas. People with diabetes
either do not produce enough insulin (type 1 diabetes) or cannot use insulin
properly (type 2 diabetes). There are other types of diabetes as Gestational
(during pregnancy), Ketoacidosis (when the body can not use the glucose as
fuel), Hyperosmolar Coma, which is a complication syndrome related to the type
2, Congenital (due to genetic defects of insulin secretion), Cystic Fibrosis,
Steroid (induced by high doses of glucocorticoids), and several forms of
monogenic diabetes. |
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Diagnosis |
The following tests can help to diagnose the disease and its type:
- Urine test.
- Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test, which is a primary test for prediabetes.
- Fasting plasma glucose test, in which the blood sample is taken after an
overnight food abstention.
- Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT or GTT), which requires 8 hours of food
abstention before the test.
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More information: |
Diabetes Mellitus Treatment
Diabetes
Mellitus Healthcare Centers
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