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The goal of treatment is to reduce
blood pressure to less than 140/90 mmHg.
For those people with diabetes or with chronic kidney diseases should be
less than 130/80 mmHg.
The following table shows the
standard treatment:
|
Classification |
Systolic (mmHg) |
Diastolic (mmHg) |
Treatment |
|
Hypertension Stage 2 |
> 160 |
> 100 |
Medicines are strongly recommended along with lifestyle and diet changes.
|
|
Hypertension Stage 1 |
140 - 159 |
90 - 99 |
Medicines are recommended along with lifestyle and diet changes.
|
|
Normal - High |
130 - 139 |
85 - 89 |
Lifestyle changes. Diet changes. Medicines are rarely used. |
|
Normal |
120 - 129 |
80 - 84 |
- |
|
Optimal |
< 120 |
< 80 |
- |
Diet changes include:
-
Drink plenty of water
-
Increase of fruits, fibers, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, and potassium
consumption
-
Limit the amount of sodium (specially salt and salty foods)
-
Avoid alcohol, caffeine and smoking
-
Reduce of fat and oil intake
Lifestyle changes include:
-
Exercise regularly (30 minutes minimum of aerobic exercise per day)
-
Indoor environment control, including adequate fresh air provision
-
Reduce the stress, avoiding things that can cause it.
-
Weight control
According to several studies,
hypertension is influenced by outdoor weather - the higher the temperature, the
greater the decrease in blood pressure. It is recommended to be more careful
during seasonal changes and winter times.
Most antihypertensive medications
can be used alone or in combination, depending on the characteristics of the
patient and the development of the condition. The primary drugs used in
treatment are:
-
ACE
inhibitors
-
ARB
drugs
-
Alpha-blockers
-
Beta-blockers
-
Diuretics
-
Calcium channel blockers
-
Peripheral vasodilators.
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