Treatments depend on the type of stone. They are much less invasive than in the past and may include:

- Medications:

Allopurinol (for uric acid stones)

Antibiotics (for struvite stones)

Diuretics

Phosphate solutions

Sodium bicarbonate or sodium citrate

Water pills (thiazide diuretics)

- Surgery:

The procedure is needed if the stone is too large and is blocking the urine flow.

-  Shock waves lithotripsy:

It uses sound waves to break up stones.

-  Percutaneous nephrolithotomy:

In this procedure the stone is removed with a tube inserted through a small surgical cut.

-  Ureteroscopy:

 Mainly used when stones are located in the lower urinary tract.